Chairman of International Business Enterprises, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in assisting securities exchanges. Also currently serves as Chairman of the Board of the National Stock Exchange, the world's first electronic stock exchange. Has served as advisor to the Chairman or Chief Executive of prominent exchanges on five continents, including the largest options exchange in the world.  Advisor to five chairmen of the International Federation of Stock Exchanges, now the World Federation of Exchanges.  Was the Senior Executive at the New York Stock Exchange, other than the Chairman of the NYSE Board of Directors. Prior work included serving as the State of Illinois Securities Commissioner.  Background includes in-depth knowledge of exchanges, listing requirements, trading rules, and options markets.  Graduate of University of Illinois Law School.  Received honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Eastern Illinois University.